{"id":9484,"date":"2023-09-13T11:26:18","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T11:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/?p=9484"},"modified":"2023-09-26T13:16:25","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T13:16:25","slug":"knowledge-and-the-knower","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/knowledge-and-the-knower\/","title":{"rendered":"Knowledge and the knower"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_section el_id=&#8221;count_total_words&#8221; woodmart_css_id=&#8221;650e8569af306&#8243; responsive_spacing=&#8221;eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2NTBlODU2OWFmMzA2Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfc2VjdGlvbiIsImRhdGEiOnsidGFibGV0Ijp7fSwibW9iaWxlIjp7fX19&#8243; mobile_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; woodmart_gradient_switch=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_box_shadow=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_z_index=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_disable_overflow=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_row][vc_column]\t\t<div id=\"wd-6501a97a7721e\" class=\"wd-text-block wd-wpb reset-last-child wd-rs-6501a97a7721e text-left \">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is knowledge?<\/h2>\n<p>There is a deep and strong connection between knowledge and knower. To establish the connection between knowledge and the knower, it is pragmatic to know that knowledge does not necessarily mean an outcome of critical thinking but it does involve seeking answers to questions. The answers often require evidence however sometimes we make judgments on the information without much effort of scrutinizing and dissecting it. We often believe information as knowledge at its face value. Remember, that most knowledge is not contestable because it is for certain.<\/p>\n<p>Knowledge essentially means how well we know things around us. Some might say that it is aware of who we are, what we do, where we come from and our existence along with other objects, thoughts, people, and various other things.<\/p>\n<p>Many of us, in our daily conversations, consider and expect others to know basic things. This is often an outcome due to giving immense importance to common sense. We, a face value, expect others\u2019 experiences to be the same as ours however no two people or two situations can yield exact similarities. In fact, most of us are victims of bias as we are surrounded by others\u2019 opinions with very little room for our own original point of view.<\/p>\n<p>Knowledge is justified true belief. For the JTB model to hold, knowledge must be:<\/p>\n<p><strong>JUSTIFIED: <\/strong>The knowledge claim is justified with adequate evidence. Justification requires Coherence with previous data and Clarity with regard to language and logic. There can be no contradiction or strong counter-evidence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TRUE: <\/strong>The knowledge claim is True rather than False. It corresponds to the real world. It is a fact. It is \u201cwhat is the case.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>BELIEF: <\/strong>The knowledge claim is a matter of conviction. We must own our knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>When we question what is knowledge?, we will undoubtedly stumble upon the question \u2018What is truth?\u2019 \u2018What is belief?\u2019 \u2018What is information?\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Even though there may not be a satisfying catch-all the answer, different theories attempt to offer a response. This is an essential element to form a connection between the knowledge and knower.<\/p>\n<p>To understand knowledge and the knower we need to throw light on our role in acquiring knowledge in a social ecosystem. Our past experiences and belief system make us ask questions about the real world. We, as individuals and social beings, shape up our knowledge through individual inquiry and social interactions. As we gather the pieces of information from the world, we aim to verify this information. The social interactions make us question the information we acquire and trigger each to look into it through the different perspective lenses of each other. It is therefore essential to seek answers to the following questions before we move ahead.<\/p>\n<h2>Difference between information and knowledge<\/h2>\n<p>Information is data, true or false, on an object or a person. The fragments of information may lack connectedness.<\/p>\n<p>Knowledge is information gained through education or experience, and hence is verifiable. So, knowledge is a combination of information, insight, and experience. The fragments of information are connected to form \u2018knowledge\u2019, a mental map of wholesome idea in drawing conclusions. The knowledge and the knower goeas through the information that must be verified and validated through evidences or\/and in some cases evidences are limited and do not qualify as evidences. The knowledge and the knower cannot make effective connections due to problems of knowledge. Therefore, information in isolation, is not sufficient to establish the bond between them. Learners and instructors are expected to cross-verify the source of the information, its credibility, what value it brings to the knower.<\/p>\n<h2>Knowledge and belief<\/h2>\n<p>To understand the difference between knowledge and belief, we consider truth as the distinguishing marker. If you have knowledge in something, your claim must be true when verified in real-life scenario. However, if you believe in something it might be true or false in reality. So, knowledge is verifiable claim, while belief is an opinion which is not verifiable. Hence, belief can be false, but knowledge cannot be false.<\/p>\n<p>While belief is subjective, based on individual experience and thought; knowledge can be subjective and individualistic or objective and independent.<\/p>\n<p>There is a natural tendency in us to believe by mapping a pattern in our brains. We find patterns and make connections by joining the dots through the association learning. Patternicity is the tendency to find meaningful patterns in both meaningful and meaningless noise.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The pattern behind self-deception: Believing a pattern is real, when it is not= Type 1 error (false positive)<\/li>\n<li>Believing a pattern is not real, when it is= Type 2 error (false negative)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9488 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth-212x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth-212x300.webp 212w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth-566x800.webp 566w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth-430x608.webp 430w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth-700x990.webp 700w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth-150x212.webp 150w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/truth.webp 724w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Can there be false knowledge?<\/h2>\n<p>While explaining what is false knowledge, we bring in the concept of truth. If you have knowledge in something, your claim must be true when verified in real-life scenario. A knowledge claim which cannot be verified or justified, is not truth and hence is \u2018False Knowledge\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s consider an example of fake knowledge. Nutritional supplements make you live longer.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/buy-store-serve-safe-food\/what-you-need-know-about-dietary-supplements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The knowledge claim made here is not true<\/a>\u00a0when validated in real-life scenario against facts.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9489 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge-232x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge-232x300.webp 232w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge-618x800.webp 618w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge-430x557.webp 430w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge-700x906.webp 700w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge-150x194.webp 150w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fake-knowledge.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>What is truth?<\/h2>\n<p>The correspondence theory of truth states that a belief is true if the statement corresponds with the natural world and accurately describes the existence of the belief in the natural world.<\/p>\n<p>According to the coherence theory of truth, a belief is true when it fits into our web of belief on the surrounding environment.<\/p>\n<p>The pragmatic theory of truth claims that something is true when it is useful. Nevertheless, it is obvious that mere utility is not always enough to assess the truth value of a statement.<\/p>\n<p>History shows us that knowledge changes over time. For example, Pluto was considered a planet for a long time but what is it now? Knowledge changes and it goes on getting accepted accordingly. One should always be ready to accept the change.<\/p>\n<h2>Perspective in TOK<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tok2022.com\/what-is-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perspective<\/a>\u00a0and its significance in TOK is quite important. Perspective is the lens through which you look at an idea or object. Your perspective is a fruit of your upbringing and your experience. Your perspective may be individualistic and diverge from the other people. It may so happen that your perspective of looking at something converges with other people. Your personal point of view or outlook is your perspective, which is shaped up by your contextual assumptions, language, culture, socio-economic position, historical background, and a couple of other meaningful ones. Do not shut yourself from considering others\u2019 perspectives.<\/p>\n<p>TOK is all about asking questions. It discourages swallowing conventional ideas and accepting opinions of authority, rather encourages to debate and reflect on gathered knowledge every time. Although we have made massive progress in the production of knowledge, knowledge can be provisional. What is accepted as knowledge today, may be discarded tomorrow.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9490 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1-212x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1-212x300.webp 212w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1-566x800.webp 566w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1-430x608.webp 430w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1-700x990.webp 700w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1-150x212.webp 150w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/perspective-1.webp 724w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>You can easily find examples of knowledge claims of the past that are not accepted anymore. This is true in many areas. Some religions have disappeared completely, what is considered \u201cart\u201d has been reviewed repeatedly and no longer acknowledged as an art. Authoritative knowledge claiming a statement to be true might not necessarily be universally true. If a celebrity just endorses a fairness cr\u00e8me, it might not speak about its universal benefits to all. It is important to check your sources and to fact-check claims about knowledge you come across.<\/p>\n<h2>Bias in TOK<\/h2>\n<p>Often you would see bias impeding your decision-making.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tok2022.com\/what-is-bias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bias<\/a>\u00a0is prejudice in favor of or against something. There is a natural tendency of our brain to adopt short-cut and process information through simplification. Adopting this short-cut instead of deep critical analyzation leads to bias. cause biases like confirmation bias, illusion of control, false uniqueness, and egocentric bias. No wonders media is a great influencer in creating bias like cherry picking, deep fakes. The mass impact of media may make you gullible to biases like propaganda, echo chambers, and circular reporting.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9492 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias-232x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias-232x300.webp 232w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias-618x800.webp 618w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias-430x557.webp 430w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias-700x906.webp 700w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias-150x194.webp 150w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bias.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/p>\n<h1>Who is a knower?<\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9491 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower-232x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower-232x300.webp 232w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower-618x800.webp 618w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower-430x557.webp 430w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower-700x906.webp 700w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower-150x194.webp 150w, https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/knower.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Who is a knower? A learner tends to claim him or her as an individual knower. However, this claim is not especially privileged. We have personified knowers, embedded in social and historical contexts. TOK explores multiple and global perspectives owned by a group of knowers.<\/p>\n<p>As individuals, we know things and get involved with the knowledge around us. Although some knowledge is really our own and claimed to be \u2018personal\u2019, we should not forget that we belong to one or more communities of knowers. We are entities in groups of people who speak the same language. We belong to groups with shared cultural values. We may even be a part of a religious group.<\/p>\n<p>All this influences how you make sense of the world and how you navigate the world around you. Your background to these communities of knowers and simply the place and time in history in which you were born, will shape your values and perspectives. Within these communities of knowers, knowledge can be created, reviewed, examined, and spread. Understanding the importance of communities of knowers and the position of knowers within these communities will help you get an insight into how knowledge evolves. Therefore, who is a knower must be deeply dissected.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_section el_id=&#8221;count_total_words&#8221; woodmart_css_id=&#8221;650e8569af306&#8243; responsive_spacing=&#8221;eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2NTBlODU2OWFmMzA2Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfc2VjdGlvbiIsImRhdGEiOnsidGFibGV0Ijp7fSwibW9iaWxlIjp7fX19&#8243; mobile_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; woodmart_gradient_switch=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_box_shadow=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_z_index=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_disable_overflow=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-core-theme"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9484"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10124,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9484\/revisions\/10124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.trigya.co\/tok2022\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}